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Science Of Public Opinion

Posted by: Gabriel Rise    Posted on: March 26, 2007


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Public opinion, at its simplest, can be defined as an aggregation of individual opinions. Though, this simplicity wanes away when we start defining the public, the aggregation methods of opinion and cumulative effect of various contradicting opinions. This becomes more complex in today's social order, when the whole populace can't assemble at one place. It is to be noted that public opinion is imagined but not imaginary, it provides legitimating force to society and must be considered as robust and persuasive function. Glynn and others have approached the definition of public opinion from five different aspects: 1) Public opinion is an aggregation of individual opinions. 2) Public opinion is a reflection of beliefs. 3) Public opinion is found in the clash of interest groups. 4) Public opinion is media and elite opinions and 5) Public opinion is a fiction . According to first view, public opinion is simply the sum of many individual opinions and it can be measured by polls of randomly selected individuals. This polling thus attempt to take equal account of opinion of all relevant individuals1, and here response is solicited from the public. Every view expressed is independent from other. If we consider the aspect of group dynamics and interaction among 'the public', we get a second definition of public opinion that says that, it is a reflection of majority beliefs i.e. the values and beliefs of the majority of citizens are the true basis of public opinion and it further depends upon the functional composition of society. If we go deep into above stated 'group dynamics', its evolution and various patterns then we can sense that individual opinions as well as group interaction are subjected to their environment. This environment can be cultivated, crystallised and eventually communicated by interest groups. It gives us another definition of public opinion i.e. it is found in the clash of interest groups. Discussing interest groups, Web site Answers.com suggests that organizations acting as interest groups use various methods to influence the public policy ranging from campaigning in elections to bribery. These interest groups however are double edged swords. At one side these groups acts as implementing arm of public opinion and may put pressure on decision makers and can also give them wider perspective by clash of interests of various groups. On contrary there are chances that a single interest group, who is not representative of majority public, may dominates a policy area to the disadvantage of the public as a whole. Another definition suggests that public opinion is media and elite opinions, and is the creation of social leaders, the projection of what journalists, politicians, pollsters, and other "elites" believe. Some time these elites join hands with interest groups or themselves morph into interest groups and they start molding majority public perceptions and beliefs. Considering above, one may conclude that there is no such thing as 'pure and quantifiable' public opinion. It is constructed, in whatever shape as required by anybody, by influence, by framing proper questionnaire, by selecting proper respondents and interest groups and by media hype. And this gives us the fifth definition i.e. public opinion is fiction.

About the Author



Gabriel Rise has been experiencing in dissertation and thesis writingfor several years. Now she is consulting writers and customers on dissertation writing.

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